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2011 Pacific typhoon season
The 2011 Pacific typhoon season was the time of the year in which tropical cyclones form in the Western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2011 with most tropical cyclones forming between May and November. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean to the north of the equator between 100th meridian east and the 180th meridian. Within the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, there are two separate agencies who assign names to tropical cyclones which can often result in a cyclone having two names. The Japan Meteorological Agency will name a tropical cyclone should it be judged to have 10-minute sustained wind speeds of at least 65 km/h, (40 mph) anywhere in the basin. Whilst the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration assigns names to tropical cyclones which move into or form as a tropical depression in their area of responsibility located between 135°E and 115°E and between 5°N-25°N even if the cyclone has had a name assigned to it by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center are given a number with a "W" suffix.
==Seasonal forecasts==
During each season, several national meteorological services and scientific agencies forecast how many tropical cyclones, tropical storms, and typhoons will form during a season and/or how many tropical cyclones will affect a particular country.〔 These agencies include the Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre (GCACIC), of the City University of Hong Kong, the Tropical Storm Risk (TSR) Consortium of the University College London, and the Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau.〔〔
During January 2011, the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) predicted that between twenty and twenty-three tropical cyclones were likely to develop and/or enter the Philippine area of responsibility during 2011.〔 〕 On March 20 the Hong Kong Observatory, predicted that the typhoon season in Hong Kong would be near to above normal with six to nine tropical cyclones passing within of the territory against an average of around 6. On March 30, the TSR Consortium released their first forecast of the season and predicted that the basin would see a near average season with 27.8 tropical storms, 17.5 typhoons, 7.8 "intense" typhoons and an ACE index of about 275.〔 In early April, the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) predicted that between 24 and 26 tropical storms would develop or move into the basin during the year, which it noted was higher than the previous total of 14. They also predicted that between seven and nine tropical storms would make landfall on China, with the first landing taking place before June 29 and the last landing taking place after October 7.〔 On April 26, the Thai Meteorological Department predicted that two tropical storms would affect Thailand during 2011, with one affecting Upper Thailand during August or September, while one was expected to move through Southern Thailand during October or November.
During May within its first outlook for the year, the GCACIC predicted that the season would be near average with 31 tropical cyclones, 27 tropical storms and 17 typhoons developing during the season. They also predicted that seven tropical cyclones would make landfall on Southern China, between May and December, compared with an average of five while predicting that six tropical cyclones during the whole year compared to an average of four tropical cyclones.〔 TSR revised its initial prediction during May and subsequently predicted that 28.0 tropical storms, 17.7 typhoons, 7.6 "intense" typhoons and an ACE index of about 266.〔 In late June after a near-normal start to the season Taiwan's Central Weather Bureau predicted that the season, would be near average of 25.7 with 22 – 26 tropical storms occurring over the basin during 2011.〔 Between three and five of the systems were predicted to affect Taiwan, compared to an average of around 3.6.〔 Within its July forecast update, the GCACIC predicted that seven tropical cyclones would make landfall on Southern China, between July and December compared to an average of four and that there would now be 16 typhoons due to the strength of the India-Burma trough. They also predicted that seven tropical cyclones would pass within of the Korean Peninsula or Japan, during July and December compared to an average of around three.〔 Within its July update, TSR predicted that the ACE index would be about 194, after raising its prediction for the number of tropical storms to 28.0, typhoons to 18.1 and intense typhoons to 8.4.〔 On August 4, TSR subsequently slightly revised these predictions within its final update for 2011 to 28.2 tropical storms, 17.9 typhoons, 8.0 "intense" typhoons and an ACE index of about 281.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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